India’s architectural heritage offers a wealth of knowledge on sustainable design practices. Within these, traditional courtyards and jalis (latticed screens) are prime examples of how ancient techniques can solve modern problems like energy efficiency and climate control. With their intricate designs and cultural significance, these elements have made their way into modern architecture. This article penned by Ar. Rajkumar Kumawat, Founder and Principal Architect at Rajkumar Architects explores the design elements to showcase the wisdom of traditional Indian architecture.
The Courtyard: A Natural Cooling System
Courtyards are integral to Indian homes, especially in regions with hot climates. Acting as natural cooling systems, they allow hot air to escape upwards while promoting cross-ventilation within surrounding rooms. This age-old technique helps to create homes that remain cool without relying heavily on artificial cooling systems, ensuring energy efficiency and comfort.
Jalis: The Art of Filtering Light and Air
Jalis, intricately carved stone or wood screens, were traditionally used to regulate airflow and sunlight. These designs minimised heat while maintaining privacy and aesthetics. Today, they are being revived in modern sustainable architecture to reduce dependency on artificial cooling, allowing natural light to filter in while providing privacy and reducing direct heat exposure. For instance, the design of The Daughter’s House includes a Jaali facade contributing to the aesthetics and the functionality of the design.
Combining Tradition with Modern Architecture
Modern architects are blending the wisdom of courtyards and jalis with contemporary materials and techniques. The result is buildings that honour heritage while meeting modern sustainability standards. For example, perforated metal panels and open-air atriums are inspired by these age-old solutions, ensuring optimal ventilation and light, while enhancing the aesthetics and sustainability of the building.
Why Traditional Designs Are More Relevant Than Ever
As climate change drives the need for sustainable living, revisiting traditional architectural practices like courtyards and jalis can inspire efficient and eco-friendly designs. These elements reduce energy costs, promote natural light, and create healthier living spaces. Architects integrate these traditional methods with modern needs, ensuring that each design is both environmentally responsible and culturally rich.
The essence of traditional Indian architecture lies in its deep understanding of local climates and resources. Courtyards and jalis are not just relics of the past but blueprints for the future of sustainable design. By incorporating these elements into modern buildings, Rajkumar Architects demonstrates how architecture can be beautiful, functional, and environmentally conscious.